Milton Friedman on the draft

32 passages for “the draft”, 29 checked against the source. Page 3 of 4.

1. “Universal national service is an idea of long standing. Indeed, the most persuasive case for it that I know is contained in a book published in 1887, “Looking Backward,” by Edward Bellamy, which sold in the millions and sparked a widespread national movement.”

2. “It is tempting, at first sight, to escape the obvious inequity and arbitrariness of a system of selective military service by including all young people and assigning them to a wider range of national tasks, such as service in hospitals, schools, slum areas, national parks and so on. That would equalize the burden of compulsory service while at the same time staffing the military.”

3. “It sounds fine. But it so happens that I read Bellamy during the 1930s. What struck me most forcibly about his “industrial army” was its uncanny resemblance to the Hitler Jugend—battalions of happy blue-eyed Aryans marching off with shovels on their shoulders singing “Deutschland über alles.””

4. “The key question is, therefore, whether it is feasible to man the Vietnam war with volunteers. I believe the answer is, Yes. Will it be easy to do so? The answer is clearly, No. But that is hardly decisive. The aim of national policy should not be to make life easy for government officials, whether civilian or military.”

5. “The alleged failures have all been in the Army. They have been significant, though fairly small. At the end of 1973 the Army conceded that it had met 89 percent of its 1973 recruiting goal. Far more important, the failures have been the result of either gross incompetence or deliberate sabotage by some retired officers in civilian position. This is a harsh judgment, so let me document it.”

6. “One of the greatest advances in human freedom was the commutation of taxes in kind to taxes in money. We have reverted to a barbarous custom. It is past time that we regain our heritage.”

7. “There is a real danger, but it arises from a strong armed force not from the method of recruiting enlisted men. Napoleon and Franco both rose to power at the head of a conscript army. However we recruit, the essential need is to maintain close links between the officer corps and the body politic.”

8. “The comparison is not fanciful. The young who are conscripted for “good” purposes must be given basic training. Who decides what that shall consist of? What ideas shall they be indoctrinated with? What purposes are “good”? Someone has to assign the youngsters to various activities. Someone has to enforce discipline on them. What a power to fall into the wrong hands. What a power for the wrong hands to seek.”

9. “The Chilean economy did very well, but more important, in the end the central government, the military junta, was replaced by a democratic society. So the really important thing about the Chilean business is that free markets did work their way in bringing about a free society.”

10. “The well-meaning current sponsors of universal national service will recoil at that prospect. They would insist on letting the youngsters choose for themselves how they serve. That is what happens now, via the market system, in which market wages equate supply and demand. But universal national service is meaningless unless it involves equal pay—which also means control and direction of labor.”